Very useful conversation around sketchbook use, which I had been struggling to build into my practice in Painting, having found it invaluable in Drawing. Suggestions:

• Exploration of composition
• Studying qualities of lighting – could be almost diagrammatic – to help inform my choices
• If using oils, can still work in the sketchbook, use cling film or cellophane to separate pages
• Could work on pieces of card for exploratory work, once dry put it in sketchbook and annotate with notes and reflections
• Try working in series – cropping, playing around – lots of exploratory, provisional work
• Always carry a sketchbook, even if you just use it to mark make- this way you build up a vocabulary of marks
• Allow yourself to be drawn to things and just record that, maybe with what you think attracts you, e.g. texture or colour incidence.
• Be a visual and material magpie!
• Also, by getting back into using a sketchbook, it helps to re-establish your practice and commitment after a break.

Tutor also recommended taking part in online workshops and group meetings.

We set up provisional dates for assignments:

Assignment 1 – 29th September 2021

Assignment 2 – 24th November 2021

Assignment 3 – 9th February 2022

Assignment 4 – 20th April 2022

Assignment 5 – 29th June 2022

WHAT?

 This was a two-hour online session of life drawing with a live model, based around the work of Matisse. Alice had arranged for a patterned and striped setting, and the model had a vibrantly striped dressing gown throughout.

SO WHAT?

We were encouraged to work with a stick from the garden (I picked a couple up in the woods on my walk this morning) and black ink on cartridge paper. Alice suggested each time before beginning that you run your hand over the blank page, mentally placing the main features of the drawing, and that you start with the point of greatest interest to you.

She explained that the way the shapes break up the various patterns defines the space – so perspective is not such a focus, you can still explain to the viewer where things are in relation to each other; but it’s important, if you’re going to use pattern for this, to follow the pattern through so it’s clear what is behind/in front of what.

NOW WHAT?

• It’s easy to forget how much fun you can have with ink and a stick! – although this was a very concentrated session.
• I am guilty in my life drawing of focusing on the figure to the virtual exclusion of the clothing, background and setting – but today I have learned a different way of drawing a figure, by focusing almost completely on pattern. It feels quite risky! – but that’s down to the unfamiliarity.

WHAT?

This was a two-hour life session with a model from Brooklyn holding (excellently) a wide range of poses which allowed us to move from 1 min poses, to 2 min, etc, ending with three 15 min poses.

SO WHAT?

I worked in an A3 sketchbook; some of the pages already had random designs on them in acrylic paint where I had cleaned off my roller after some printing. I had also on this day been playing around making egg tempera; I had a small amount of black paint left and I knew that it was not recommended to keep this for use from day to day, so I diluted it with a lot of water in a jar and used it as ink, applied with a rigger.

A great, very concentrated session with an experienced model able to offer a huge range of poses – thank you 2Bornot2B and OCA!

NOW WHAT?

• I now know that, if you dilute egg tempera enough, you get an effective ink
• Drawing with a brush stops you fiddling and makes you commit

WHAT?

This was a two-hour practical session; we looked at a few examples of paintings demonstrating chiaroscuro, considering in particular the position of the light source and identifying where the light fell. We used charcoal on paper (I used ordinary willow charcoal in an A3 sketchpad, using a putty rubber to lift out), and worked on several poses of varying length held by a live model in a scene lit only by two candles.

SO WHAT?

There was so much to do in the time available for each drawing, and Tom modelled a process of drawing the basic forms first, then adding the really dark tones, and then developing a range of tones on the model and artefacts to describe form. I found it very challenging but was glad to have had a go, although the outcomes are not the greatest drawings I have done – but an effective exercise for making you think about light sources and tone.

NOW WHAT?

• This exercise was really good for making one understand the benefits but limitations of willow charcoal – the darkest dark you could get on this surface was really the first mark you made, adding more didn’t seem to add darkness.
• I think I should have tried Tom’s technique of “drawing in” the darks rather than shading the dark in with the side of the charcoal – there just seemed so much to put in! – but he did achieve a darker dark, more pressure I suppose.
• It would be interesting to try out this chiaroscuro technique using ink.

WHAT?

This was a one-hour webinar presentation and demonstration.

Liz had her own “abstractometer” which is a continuum all the way from ultra-realism to complete abstraction.

She talked first through ideas worked out with other students over the years about abstraction and what it was, and illustrated each idea with a range of artists’ works. Abstraction involves:

• freedom of colour and shape
• Taken from nature
• Deconstructing

She then went on to demonstrate a task which she suggested we try at home, which had several steps, but would enable us to begin abstracting a famous painting.

SO WHAT?

Knowing absolutely nothing about abstraction, I was very keen to seek enlightenment via the task, and I followed her steps to the letter:

• Select an image which you like, with some fairly distinctive bright colours. I chose a painting which I had seen at the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow a couple of years ago in an exhibition of Scottish colourists:

FCB Cadell

“The Orange Blind”

c.1928

Oil on canvas

Glasgow Museums Collection

• You can have four colours – two should be white and Payne’s grey, and the other two are your choice – I used gouache, and had titanium white, natural grey (didn’t have Payne’s), flame orange and viridian.
• Make four painted coloured studies of all/any part of the painting, noting which parts attract you – colour/shape/texture? I found myself most drawn to the figure on the chaise, especially the hat, the blind, the chandelier and the painting on the wall on the left. Here are my four quick studies:

Next make at least four drawing studies, one each in pencil, charcoal and ink, and one in all three.

Next, put the original image and the painted studies away, and make a 5-line drawing (ie. literally a drawing of five lines) from each of the drawn studies:

This makes you really look at the drawn studies and pick out the most important bits to you.
Lay out your five-line drawings and your painted studies, and try to pair them up as seems best to you. Then, for each pair, combine them to make a final painted/drawn image – these are your abstracted images.

NOW WHAT?

• I feel that I have had a bit of a eureka moment and have begun to have some small understanding of what abstraction can be
• It has been revealing to see what aspects of a painting attract me – seems it is shape and colour
• I feel the final pieces all refer clearly back to the original (least being the second, which is missing the hat & negative space head, along with the scroll of the chaise)
• It’s a long process, but I can see that each step plays a different part. I should like to try it again – I think it might make for an interesting take on a tondo of a domestic interior!

WHAT?

This was a two-hour session with a live model. Alice recommended trying to see Seurat’s small drawings in the National Gallery. We had four poses based on the Bathers in Asniere, 1884, oil on canvas, National Gallery.

SO WHAT?

We worked to three rules for this session:

• Make a tonal range every time – should always start a drawing with this – use the colour of the paper as one of the tones
• We used graphite sticks, 4B and 6B, on their sides to make blocks of tone
• Using textured paper (we used NOT watercolour paper) – gives that slightly dotty effect, and also seems to hold onto the graphite better, so it is less likely to slide and smudge.

Here are my outcomes:

NOW WHAT?

Alice drew alongside us and was very good at talking through all her choices and decisions. I am going to try and take away some of her choices and try them out more:

• Start with the thing that most interests you in the whole scene
• Get the darkest thing in early
• Getting things wrong and having to go in hard with the putty rubber and move elements around is OK

WHAT?

This was a one-hour webinar, a continuation of last week’s session on composition. Alice said that, if you thought about trump cards in a card game, they outshine everything else in the game, and that artists have techniques which they use in a similar way to make you look at what they actually want you to see.

SO WHAT?

Lighting: as an example she discussed Rembrandt’s “The Night Watch”, 1642, Rijksmuseum (which I am lucky enough to have seen, amazing). Apparently Rembrandt was commissioned to paint this group of people so he set them as a scene like this; the most important chap is front central, and your eye goes to him first because it looks for the point of highest contrast, which is his white ruff against the black clothing, and the eye is then led around the painting in order of decreasing contrast.

Line:  here we looked at Tintoretto’s “The Miracle of the Slave”, 1548, and traced our way around the painting in a rough figure of eight, starting with St. Mark coming straight down in the centre and a line leading more or less directly down to the other key figure in this busy painting, the slave lying on the ground.

As a combination of lighting and line we looked at Caravaggio’s “The Calling of St. Matthew”, 1599-1600 which, as you would expect, has some dramatic shafts of light against a chiaroscuro background causing some strong contrasts which help the eye move around. Also it is not immediately apparent which character is St. Matthew – until Alice pointed out a set of hands, virtually in a line, all pointing to the end figure!

Hats and eyes:  here we looked at a couple of paintings by Renoir, “Luncheon of the Boating Party”, 1882 and “Dance at Moulin de la Galette”, 1876. The “entry” point into both of these appears to be a character, or pair of characters, who are mid-ground and slightly in their own space, looking out towards the foreground, almost out of the painting. The way round the painting is then to follow their eyes, see whom they are looking at, where they are looking, and so on. One is also led to follow sets of matching hats around the picture; in the first of the above they all seem to be a matching bright yellowy/orange with blue ribbons which stand out and are really distinctive. In the second there is also the use of pairs following the colour pink (as discussed in the previous session).

The Golden Section: I hadn’t got to grips with this before and it might take a bit of practice!! To find the spot, fold one corner of a rectangle up to the edge and draw a line down to show the square; then fold the opposite top coroner down to the line to make another square – this leaves a rectangle. The two squares are static and the rectangle dynamic (see last session) and the point where they meet is the golden section, and this is where you want to place your key thing which leads the viewer in. Alice discussed this looking at David Hockney’s “Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy”, 1970-1, and Matisse’s “The Conversation”, 1908-12. Also, most of Ben Nicholson’s works use the golden section.

High Contrast: as well as being drawn to the point of highest contrast between light and dark, the eye will be attracted to contrasts in colour, which she illustrated by comparing and contrasting Ben Nicholson’s 1924 picture “First Abstract Painting, Chelsea”, c 1923-4, with Matisse’s “The Snail”, 1953.

NOW WHAT?

A lot to take in – was pleased I had remembered some of the points from last week (e.g. pairs) and could “see” them as Alice talked about them.

My takeaways from this session are going to be:

• Think about that “high contrast of light and dark” point when I am building a composition of interiors in Part 4
• Look at some paintings and try to spot the golden section.

WHAT?

This was a one-hour session where Alice set out some principles of composition, using and comparing a variety of works from an Egyptian statue right through to the present day.

SO WHAT?

• Wherever your eye is drawn to first is where you enter the painting

• Egyptian statue was symmetrical, and was an example of “static” with its powerful solidity; contrast the Roman statue in a natural pose, which was all about movement. She gave an example of Morandi’s “Still Life”, 1946, which combines static and movement by having a central static pot and then a range of others behind which make your eye move around.
• Left to right: she worked through a comparison with works by Chardin and Klee, with their underlying structures akin to musical staves, which encourage the viewer to “read” the image from left to right as if it were music; contrast William Scott’s “White and Black Pot on a White Table”, 1955, where the big white pot bang in the middle dominates the picture – beware of the “ego in the room”!
• Bottom to top: we looked at some Matisse examples – he went for a portrait layout, often with a “welcome mat” in the foreground at the bottom which drew your eye into the picture and then echoing shapes and colours of objects carry you up through the painting.
• Repetition and narrative: your eye will pair up colours and shapes to create movement and reinforce a narrative – examples were Tom Roberts’ “Shearing of the Rams”, 1890, and also Brueghel’s “Hunters in the Snow”, which creates a warp and a weft (this can slow your eye down with its complexity – Alice suggested going to look at Bonnard and Vuillard who do something similar).
• Zig-zag: examples of this were Claude Lorrain’s “Flight into Egypt”, 1666, and Turner’s “Caligula’s Palace”, 1831 – the proscenium arch effect, where you are led in a zig-zag from the foreground through to the background.

NOW WHAT?

I’d come across the “zig-zag” composition idea before but hadn’t worked through the others before; I’m going to:

• Look through some art books and try to identify examples of each
• I’m particularly drawn to the “repetition and narrative” pairing idea so I’d like to hold this in my head and try to actively use it